为何推荐首选enum class 而非 enum

首先，我们比较下这两种枚举类型的表示方式上有何差异：

一、异同点

enum class 官方解释

// unscoped enum:
// enum [identifier] [: type] {enum-list};

// scoped enum:
// enum [class|struct] [identifier] [: type] {enum-list};

// Forward declaration of enumerations  (C++11):
enum A : int;          // non-scoped enum must have type specified
enum class B;          // scoped enum defaults to int but ...
enum class C : short;  // ... may have any integral underlying type

总结来说：
1.enum class是类型安全的
2.enum class枚举定义将被限制在枚举作用域内，不能隐式转换为整数类型，但是可以强制转化为整数类型；enum 未区分范围的枚举常量可以隐式转换为 int，但是 int 不可以隐式转换为枚举值。
3.使用enum class必须带作用域名。

二、使用示例

直接贴几个官方的例子，一看便知（说多了也都是废话）：

namespace CardGame_Scoped
{
    enum class Suit { Diamonds, Hearts, Clubs, Spades };

    void PlayCard(Suit suit)
    {
        if (suit == Suit::Clubs) // Enumerator must be qualified by enum type
        { /*...*/}
    }
}

namespace CardGame_NonScoped
{
    enum Suit { Diamonds, Hearts, Clubs, Spades };

    void PlayCard(Suit suit)
    {
        if (suit == Clubs) // Enumerator is visible without qualification
        { /*...*/
        }
    }
}

namespace ScopedEnumConversions
{
    enum class Suit { Diamonds, Hearts, Clubs, Spades };

    void AttemptConversions()
    {
        Suit hand;
        hand = Clubs; // error C2065: 'Clubs' : undeclared identifier
        hand = Suit::Clubs; //Correct.
        int account_num = 135692;
        hand = account_num; // error C2440: '=' : cannot convert from 'int' to 'Suit'
        hand = static_cast<Suit>(account_num); // OK, but probably a bug!!!

        account_num = Suit::Hearts; // error C2440: '=' : cannot convert from 'Suit' to 'int'
        account_num = static_cast<int>(Suit::Hearts); // OK
    }
}

enum class byte : unsigned char { };

enum class E : int { };
E e1{ 0 };
E e2 = E{ 0 };

struct X
{
    E e{ 0 };
    X() : e{ 0 } { }
};

E* p = new E{ 0 };

void f(E e) {};

int main()
{
    f(E{ 0 });
    byte i{ 42 };
    byte j = byte{ 42 };

    // unsigned char c = j; // C2440: 'initializing': cannot convert from 'byte' to 'unsigned char'
    return 0;
}